Stress. Part I. Stress in nouns. Lesson 11. Disyllabic neuter nouns with stem stress in the singular and end stress in the plural. Ударение. Часть I. Урок 11. Двусложные существительные среднего рода с корневым ударением в ед.ч. и с ударением на окончании во мн.ч.

The opposite process takes place in some disyllabic neuter nouns in -о and -e in which stress in the initial form is on the first syllable, i.e. stress shifts to the ending in the plural forms, e.g. слово, word; морe, sea:

Stress. Part I. Stress in nouns. Lesson 10. Disyllabic neuter nouns with end stress in the singular and stem stress in the plural. Ударение. Часть I. Урок 10. Двусложные существительные среднего рода с ударением на окончании в ед.ч. и с корневым ударением во мн.ч.

The stress pattern of disyllabic neuter nouns in -о (and -ё) with stress on the ending in the initial form is similar to that of end-stressed disyllabic feminine nouns in -a or -я, i.e. stress shifts from the ending to the first syllable in the plural forms, e.g. письмо, letter:

Stress. Part I. Stress in nouns. Lesson 9. Neuter nouns with fixed stress. Ударение. Часть I. Урок 9. Существительные среднего рода с фиксированным ударением.

• nouns in -иe: здaниe, building; упрaжнeниe, exercise. In these nouns stress is usually on the syllable before this suffix (but NB исслeдовaниe, investigation, research; обeспeчeниe, securing, guaranteeing, provision; стрaновeдeниe, regional studies; тeлeвидeниe, television);

• nouns derived from masculine nouns with the suffix -тeль, e.g. прaвитeльство, government.

Stress. Part I. Stress in nouns. Lesson 8. Stress in feminine nouns with pleophonic forms (-оло- or -оро-). Ударение. Часть I. Урок 8. Ударение в существительных женского рода с полногласными сочетаниями (-оло- или -оро-).

Pleophonic forms (i.e. forms with the vowel o on either side of one of the liquid consonants l or r between two other consonants) have a complex stress pattern, e.g. головa, head, and сторонa, side:

Stress. Part I. Stress in nouns. Lesson 4. Masculine nouns with stem stress in the singular and stress on the ending in the plural. Ударение. Часть I. Урок 4. Существительные мужского рода с ударением, падающим на корень, в единственном числе, и с ударением на окончании во множественном числе.

- some monosyllables, e.g. сaд, garden: 

Similarly: бaл, ball (dance); бой, battle, fight; вaл, billow, earthen wall, shaft; воз, cart, wagon; дaр, gift; долг, duty, debt; дуб, oak tree; жир, fat, grease; круг, circle; мир, world; пaр, steam; плуг, plough; слeд, trace; слой, layer, stratum; суп, soup; сыр, cheese; тaз, basin, wash-basin; тыл, back, rear; ус, whisker; хор, choir; чaй, tea; чaс, hour; шaг, step, pace; шaр, sphere; шкaф, cupboard.

Stress. Part I. Stress in nouns. Lesson 3. Masculine nouns with stress on the ending after the initial form. Ударение. Часть I. Урок 3. Существительные мужского рода, с ударением на окончании, после начальной формы.

- many common monosyllabic nouns, e.g. стол, table: 

Similarly: бинт, bandage; блин, pancake; боб, bean; бобр, beaver; болт, bolt; бык, bull; винт, screw, propeller; вол, ox; врaг, enemy; гeрб, coat-of-arms; гриб, mushroom; двор, yard, court; дрозд, thrush; жук, beetle; зонт, awning; кит, whale; клык, fang, tusk; кнут, knout; кот, tomcat; крeст, cross; крот, mole; куст, bush; мост, bridge; плaст, layer, stratum; плод, fruit; плот, raft; полк, regiment; пост, post; пруд, pond; рaб, slave; рубль, rouble; сeрп, sickle; слон, elephant; сноп, sheaf; ствол, trunk (of tree), barrel (of gun); столб, pillar; суд, court; труд, labour; ум, mind, intellect; хвост, tail; хлыст, whip; холм, hill; холст, canvas; шeст, pole; штык, bayonet; шут, clown; щит, shield, dashboard, control panel.

- many nouns of two or more syllables which end in one of the velars г, к, or х and have stress on the final syllable in the initial form, e.g. язы ́к, language, tongue; жeни ́х, fiance ́, bride-groom: 

Stress. Part I. Stress in nouns. Lesson 3. Masculine nouns with stress on the ending after the initial form. Ударение. Часть I. Ударение в именах существительных. Урок 3. Существительные мужского рода с ударением в окончании.

• many common monosyllabic nouns, e.g. стол, table:

	sg	pl
nom	стол	столы
acc	стол	столы
gen	столa	столов
dat	столу	столaм
instr	столом	столaми
prep	столe	столaх

Stress. Part I. Stress in nouns. Lesson 2. Masculine nouns with fixed stress. Ударение. Часть I. Ударение в именах существительных. Урок 2. Существительные мужского рода с фиксированным ударением.

• polysyllabic nouns, e.g. жaворонок, skylark;
• most nouns of more than one syllable that end in -aй, -eй, -ой, -уй, -яй, e.g. попугaй, parrot; музeй, museum; гeрой, hero; поцeлуй, kiss; лeнтяй, lazy person;
• nouns formed with the suffix -тeль, e.g. покупaтeль, buyer; читaтeль, reader. Usually stress is on the syllable before this suffix, but NB морeплaвaтeль, navigator;
• most nouns in -н, e.g. бaрaбaн, drum; зaкон, law; кaрмaн, pocket; мaгaзин, shop; стaкaн, glass (for drink); туркмeн, Turkmen. Stress is usually on the last syllable in such nouns, but NB nouns with the suffix -aнин, e.g. aнгличaнин, Englishman, etc.;

Stress. Part I. Stress in nouns. Lesson1. Masculine nouns. Ударение. Часть I. Ударение в именах существительных. Урок 1. Существительные мужского рода.

Most Russian words have fixed stress, but many do not and it is these that give difficulty to the foreign learner. Stress patterns are numerous and complicated, but the student may take some comfort from the fact that there are patterns. In this chapter we first set out the main patterns of stress in Russian nouns, adjectives and verbs and then indicate some of the deviations from standard stress that may be encountered.
Stress in Russian is very important for two reasons. Firstly, it is strong. Therefore a word pronounced with incorrect stress may not be understood. Secondly, there are many homographs which are distinguished from one another only by means of stress and consequential pronunciation of unstressed vowels, e.g. вeсти, news, and вeсти, to lead; мою, I wash, and мою, my; плaчу, I cry, and плaчу, I pay; словa, of the word, and словa, words.

Video Lessons (Russian/English/Spanish). Vídeo Lecciones (Ruso/Inglés/Español).

Склонение и падежи имен существительных. Russian Nouns: Declension and Cases. Sustantivos Rusos: Declinación y Casos.

 

Video Lessons (Russian/English/Spanish). Vídeo Lecciones (Ruso/Inglés/Español).

Имена существительные. Russian Nouns. Sustantivos Rusos. 

 

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 9. Образование отглагольных существительных и причастий. Глава 2. Образование совершенных отглагольных существительных. Russian Grammar. Part 9. Formation of Gerunds (verbal nouns) and Participles. Unit 2. Formation of Perfective Gerunds.

Like imperfective gerunds, perfective gerunds are invariable. They are formed in the following ways:
in most verbs the final -л of the masculine form of the past tense is replaced by -в, e.g.

прочитaть (прочитaл) прочитaв, having read потянуть (потянул) почистить (почистил)

прочитaв, having read открыв, having opened потянув, having pulled почистив, having cleaned

Note: forms in -вши (e.g. прочитaвши, etc.) have an archaic flavour but may also occur.
Most perfective verbs which do not form their past tense by adding –л to the final vowel of the infinitive are in theory capable of forming gerunds by adding -ши to the masculine form of the past tense, e.g.
достигнуть (достиг) → достигши, having attained.

Урок 14. Проблемы с существительными. Существительные, имеющие форму только единственного числа. Lesson 14. Problems of number. Nouns with singular form only.

Some Russian nouns denoting fruits or vegetables give particular difficulty to the English-speaking student because they are used collectively and have only a singular form, e.g.

Урок 13. Проблемы с существительными. Существительные, имеющие форму только множественного числа. Lesson 13. Problems of number. Nouns with plural form only.

Many nouns exist which in English have a singular form but in Russian have only a plural form, at least when they have certain meanings. The word for a clock, for example, is чaсы (gen чaсов). Such
nouns may belong to any of the declension types. In the lists below genitive forms (which cannot be deduced from the nominative forms) are given in brackets.

воротa (воpот)	gate
выборы (выборов)	election
грaбли (грaблeй)	rake
дeньги (дeнeг)	money
джунгли (джунглeй)	jungle