Syntax. Part III. Use of short adjectives. Continued. Синтаксис. Часть III. Употребление кратких прилагательных. Продолжение.

(d) if the adjective is derived from a present active participle (ending in -щий); a present passive participle (ending in -мый); оr a past passive participle (ending in -тый оr -нный), e.g.

Baшe повeдeниe нeприeмлeмо. Your conduct is unacceptable.
Oн жeнaт. He is married.

Syntax. Part III. Use of short adjectives. Синтаксис. Часть III. Употребление кратких прилагательных.

The short forms of the adjective may only be used when the adjective is predicative, that is to say when in the English translation of the Russian some form of the verb to be stands between the subject and the
adjective, as in the sentences Этот студeнт умён, This student is clever, дeвушкa былa грустнa, The girl was sad.

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 14. Превосходная степень. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 14. The Superlative.

lf we say something is the most interesting, smallest, best we are using the superlative form of the adiective.
The superlative is very easy to form. Simply put the adjective самый in front of the the adjective and noun you are describing. There is no short form of the superlative (so it can be used predicatively and attributively - before or after the noun):

Самый серьёзный фильм   (the most serious film)
Этот фильм самый серьёзный   (this film is the most serious)

Make sure that the adjective самый agrees in number, gender and case with its adjective and noun:

Я изучаю самый красивый язык   (I am studying the most beautiful language)
Я читаю самую серьёзную книгу   (I am reading the most serious book)
Мы живём в самом приятном районе   (We leave in the pleasantest region)

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 13. Сравнительная степень: конструкции. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 13. The Comparative. Constructions.

In English you form the second part of the comparative by using the word than (he has a more beautiful car than you). In Russian this part of the sentence is formed either by using the word чем (than) or by using the genitive.

When we are using the long form comparative in Russian, we must form the second part of the comparative by using the word чем:

У него более красивый автомобиль, чем у тебя.
He has a more beautiful car thаn you.

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 12. Сравнительная степень. Продолжение. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 12. The Comparative (Continued).

lf you are using a comparative adiective “predicatively” - i.e. after the noun it is describing (the book is more interesting), then you can use the short form comparative. This sort of comparative can only be used to mean more . . .  (interesting, beautiful etc.)

The first really important thing to remember is that you can only use the short form comparative when the person or thing you are describing is in the nominative case.

The short comparative is formed by adding the ending ee to the stem of the adjective. This ending is the same for all genders and is invariable (it never changes):

собака красивее   the dog is more beautiful
письмо интереснее   the letter is more interesting
цветы прекраснее   the flowers are more splendid

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 12. Сравнительная степень. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 12. The Comparative.

lf we say that something is “more interesting” or “less interesting”, we are using the comparative.
In English we can form the comparative by using the words more and less, or if the English adjective is very short, we can add er to the end of the adjective (it is cheaper). Russian uses the words более
(mоre) or менee (less) in front of the long form of the adjective. This is called the compound comparative.

The words более and менee never change (i.e. in their endings) but the long adjective which follows them must agree with the adjective it is describing:
This is a more (less) interesting town.
She lives in a more (less) interesting town.

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 10. Прилагательные в предложном падеже, единственном числе. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 10. Adjectives in The Prepositional Singular.

There are special prepositional singular adjective endings for each gender.

If an adjective is describing a masculine noun which is in the prepositional singular, then the adjective should end either in ом or eм:

All unstressed adjectives take the ending oм unless their stem ends in ж, ч, ш, щ, ц (spelling rule number 2), in which case the ending is eм: в новом (xopошем) pecторанe, (in a new (good) restaurant).

All stressed adjectives take the ending oм: в Большом театре (in the Bolshoi Theatre).

All soft adjectives take the ending eм: в синем пиджаке (in a dark blue jacket).

All possessive adjectives take the ending ем or ём: в моём (твоём, своём, нашем, вашем) домe, (in my (your one’s own, our, your) house).

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 9. Прилагательные в творительном падеже, единственном и множественном числе. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 9. Adjectives in The Instrumental Singular and Plural.

There are special instrumental singular adjective endings for each gender.

The endings for masculine and neuter adjectives are the same: either ым or им:

All unstressed and stressed adjectives take the ending ым unless their stem ends in г, к, х, ж, ч, ш, щ (spelling rule 1), in which case the ending is им: посещать музей с молодым иностранным (aнглийским) туристом (to visit thе museum with a young foreign (English) touist).

All stressed adjectives take the ending ым: c молодым туристом (with a young tourist). 

All soft adjectives take the ending им: c прежним директором (with the former director).

All possessive adjectives take the ending им: c моим письмом (with my letter).

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 8. Прилагательные в винительном падеже, единственном числе. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 8. Adjectives in The Accusative Singular.

An adjective must always agree with the noun it is describing. So, if the noun is in the accusative case, the adjective also must be in the accusative case.

If an adjective is describing a masculine or a neuter inanimate noun this is not a problem: the ending is just the sаme as it is in the nominative singular:

Я читаю интересный журнал. I am reading an interesting newspaper.

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 7. Прилагательные в дательном падеже, единственном числе. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 7. Adjectives in The Dative Singular.

There are special dative singular adjective endings for each gender.

If an adjective is describing a masculine noun which is in the dative singular, then the adjective should end either in ому or eму.


All unstressed adjectives take the ending ому unless their stem ends in ж, ч, ш, щ, ц (spelling rule number 2), in which case the ending is ему: Гид дал паспорт английскому (xopошемy) aктёpy (the guide gave thе passport to the English (good) aсtor).

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 6. Прилагательные в родительном падеже, множественном числе. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 6. Adjectives in The Genitive Plural.

An adiective must always agree with the noun it is describing; if the noun is in the genitive plural, so must the adiective describing it. There are only two genitive plural adiective endings (irrespective of gender).

Tne two possible endings for genitive plural adjectives are ых and их (which are actually the same endings used for the animate accusative plural of adjectives). These endings apply to all three genders.

Stressed and unstressed adjectives always take the ending ых, unless their stem ends in г, к, х, ж, ч, ш, щ (spelling rule 1).

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 5. Прилагательные в родительном падеже, единственном числе. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 5. Adjectives in The Genitive Singular.

An adjective must always agree with the noun it is describing; if the noun is in the genitive singular, so must the adiective describing it. There are special genitive singular adjective endings for each gender.

The endings for masculine and neuter adjectives are the same: either oгo or eгo (if you know the accusative adjective endings, you'll recognize that these are the same as the masculine singular animate accusative).

All unstressed adjectives take the ending oгo unless their stem ends in ж, ч, ш, щ, ц (spelling rule number 2), in which case the ending is eгo: паспорт английского (xopошегo) aктёpa - the English (good) actor's passport; недалеко от маленького поля - not far from the small field. 

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 4. Относительные местоименные прилагательные. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 4. The Reflexive Possessives.

Reflexive possessives indicate possession by the subject of the nearest verb and it can mean my own, your own, his/her own, our own, their own. The reflexive possessive in Russian is cвой -
masculine form; feminine - cвоя, neuter - cвоё.

As far as я, ты, мы, вы are concerned, cвой is an alternative to мой, твой, наш, ваш (and is in fact more common in conversational Russian, especially as an alternative to твой). So, if you want to say “I am reading my magazine”, you can say either “я читаю мой журнал” or “я читаю свой журнал”.

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 3. Притяжательные прилагательные. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 3. The Possessive Adjectives.

The possessive adjectives (my, your etc.) indicate possession or a relationship; for example твой дом (your house), моя тётя (my aunt), Это твоё письмо? ls this your letter?

Possessive adjectives indicating my, your, our etc. must agree in number, gender and case with the noun they qualify, rather than with the possessor:

“Это моя сестра”, говорит Борис. “This is my sister” says Boris.

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 2. Прилагательные с ударными окончаниями и прилагательные, изменяющиеся по мягкой разновидности склонения. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 2. The Stressed and Soft Adjectives.

The most common kind of adjectives are those whose stems are unstressed. In this unit we meet stressed adjectives - adjectives whose endings are stressed. Soft adjectives are a third, relatively small, group of adjectives; their endings are composed only of “soft” vowels (ий, ия, ee, иe).

A stressed adjective can be identified by looking at the masculine singular nominative form - it will end in ой: молодой футболист (a young football player).

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 1. Прилагательное, описывающее существительное. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 1. An adjective describes a noun.

An adjective describes a noun (e.g. shows the colour, the size, the mood). In Russian an adjective must agree with its noun, i.e. a masculine adjective with a masculine noun. Adjectives with unstressed endings are the most common type in Russian.

Adiectives are made up of a “stem” and an “ending” (the “ending” is the last two letters). The adjectives dealt with in this unit all have stressed stems (and, therefore, unstessed endings). There are different endings for masculine, feminine and neuter singular, but the nominative plural ending is the same for all genders. Dictionaries always give the masculine singular nominative form of the adjective and it is this form which tells us what sort of adjective it is (unstressed, stressed or soft).