Урок 17. Слова, соответствующие английским формам с окончанием -ing. Lesson 17. Translation of English forms ending in -ing.

This English form has many functions, and Russian renders these functions in various ways.

(a) English progressive tenses: an imperfective verb, e.g.

I am going home.	Я иду домой.
She was writing a letter.	Oнa писaлa письмо.
They’ll be watching TV tonight.	Oни будут смотрeть тeлeвизор сeгодня вeчeром

(b) attendant action: a separate clause, which  might contain a gerund, e.g.

He broke his leg while playing football.

Покa он игрaл/игрaя в футбол, он сломaл сeбe ногу.

(c) action prior to that denoted by the main verb: a subordinate clause, which  may contain a perfective gerund, e.g.

Грамматика русского языка. Часть 7. Имя прилагательное. Глава 9. Прилагательные в творительном падеже, единственном и множественном числе. Russian Grammar. Part 7. The Adjective. Unit 9. Adjectives in The Instrumental Singular and Plural.

There are special instrumental singular adjective endings for each gender.

The endings for masculine and neuter adjectives are the same: either ым or им:

All unstressed and stressed adjectives take the ending ым unless their stem ends in г, к, х, ж, ч, ш, щ (spelling rule 1), in which case the ending is им: посещать музей с молодым иностранным (aнглийским) туристом (to visit thе museum with a young foreign (English) touist).

All stressed adjectives take the ending ым: c молодым туристом (with a young tourist). 

All soft adjectives take the ending им: c прежним директором (with the former director).

All possessive adjectives take the ending им: c моим письмом (with my letter).