Урок 56. Просторечие. Морфология. Синтаксис. Lesson 56. Demotic speech. Morphology. Syntax.

Morphology

The nominative plural form in -a for masculine nouns is more widespread than in the standard language (e.g. шофeрa, drivers).
Types of declension may be confused, e.g. use of -ов as a genitive plural flexion for nouns other than masculine nouns, as in мeстов (instead of мест).

Урок 55. Просторечие. Словарь. Lesson 55. Demotic speech. Vocabulary.

Use of words considered unacceptable in standard usage, e.g. nouns such as:

бaлбeс, coarse, idle person;
бaшкa, head, nut;

Урок 54. Просторечие. Ударение. Lesson 54. Demotic speech. Stress.

Beneath the normal colloquial register, which may be used by all social groups in informal situations, there are other linguistic strata whose elements. These strata include what will here be termed ‘demotic’ (просторeчиe, which is sometimes also translated as ‘popular speech’), as well as youth slang (молодёжный слeнг), thieves’ cant (блaтной язык), and vulgar language.

Урок 47. Косвенная речь и вопрос. Lesson 47. Indirect Speech and Question.

Indirect statements are reports of what people have said or asked: He said he was going to St Petersburg; He asked if I was going to Moscow.

(A) In English there is a change of the tense of verb between direct and indirect statement:

In direct speech	‘I am going to St Petersburg’ he said.
In indirect speech	He said he was going to St Petersburg.
In direct speech	'I will go to St Petersburg' he said.
In indirect speech	He said he would go tu St Petersburg.
In direct speech	'He has already gone to St Petersburg’ we said.
In indirect speech	We said that he had already gone to St Petersburg.

Короткие тематические диалоги. Погода. (+ Речевые образцы). Short Topical Dialogues. Weather. (+ Speech Patterns).

DIALOGUES

Какая хорошая погода, не правда ли? Да, хорошая. Температура воздуха примерно 20 (двадцать) градусов выше нуля. Тепло и солнечно. И никакого ветра. Пойдём, погуляем! Отличная идея!	The weather is fine, isn’t it? Yes, it is. The temperature is about 20 degree above zero. It’s warm and sunny. No wind. Let’s go for a walk. Good idea.
Дождь идёт? О, да. Дождь идёт с самого утра. Не забудь взять с собой зонт. Я не забуду.	Is it raining? Oh, yes. It has been raining since morning. Don’t forget to take your umbrella before going out. I won’t.

Короткие тематические диалоги. Приветствия. (+ Речевые образцы). Short Topical Dialogues. Greetings. (+ Speech Patterns).

DIALOGUES

Доброе утро, Майк! Доброе утро, Боб! Как ты? Хорошо. Спасибо. А как ты? Да также. Спасибо.	Good morning, Mike! Good morning, Bob! How are you? Fine. Thanks. How are you? Very much the same. Thank you.