The first trick is to know when which case is needed. The second is to know the endings well enough so that you can use the ranges of cases you might need in any onе sentence.
The six cases are as follows:
Nominative shows us whо or what is peforming the action of a verb. Remember that nouns are listed in dictionaries in their nominative singular form.
Мария даёт бутылку лимонада Сергею.
Maria gives the bottle of lemonade to Sergei.
Accusative shows us the person or thing that has an action done to it (the direct object). Also used after certain prepositions.
Мария даёт бутылку лимонада Сергею.
Maria gives the bottle of lemonade to Sergei.
Genitive is the Russian way of saying “of”, so it indicates possession and is also used when talking about quantities (also used after certain prepositions and sometimes with the сomparative):
Мария даёт бутылку лимонада Сергею.
Maria gives the bottle of lemonade to Sergei.
Dative shows us the indirect obiect of a sentence or phrase (the person or thing that is shown, told etc., something). Its basic meaning is “to”, “for” (also used after certain prepositions and verbs).
Мария даёт бутылку лимонада Сергею.
Maria gives the bottle of lemonade to Sergei.
Instrumental is used to descibe the means by which an action is performed (e.g. “by train”, “with a pen”), to describe accompanying circumstances (e.g. “tea with lemon” with the preposition c), for the complement of a verb and after certain reflexive verbs.
Сергей любит ездить поездом. Sergei likes to travel by train.
Мне салат с помидорами, пожалуйста. Tomato salad for me, please.
Prepositional: this case has no “meaning” of its own; it is used in phrases which indicate position and specifically with the prepositions в (in, at) and нa (on, at).
Мария купила бутылку лимонада в супермаркете. Maria bought the bottle of lemonade at the supermarket.
The six cases are as follows:
Nominative shows us whо or what is peforming the action of a verb. Remember that nouns are listed in dictionaries in their nominative singular form.
Мария даёт бутылку лимонада Сергею.
Maria gives the bottle of lemonade to Sergei.
Accusative shows us the person or thing that has an action done to it (the direct object). Also used after certain prepositions.
Мария даёт бутылку лимонада Сергею.
Maria gives the bottle of lemonade to Sergei.
Genitive is the Russian way of saying “of”, so it indicates possession and is also used when talking about quantities (also used after certain prepositions and sometimes with the сomparative):
Мария даёт бутылку лимонада Сергею.
Maria gives the bottle of lemonade to Sergei.
Dative shows us the indirect obiect of a sentence or phrase (the person or thing that is shown, told etc., something). Its basic meaning is “to”, “for” (also used after certain prepositions and verbs).
Мария даёт бутылку лимонада Сергею.
Maria gives the bottle of lemonade to Sergei.
Instrumental is used to descibe the means by which an action is performed (e.g. “by train”, “with a pen”), to describe accompanying circumstances (e.g. “tea with lemon” with the preposition c), for the complement of a verb and after certain reflexive verbs.
Сергей любит ездить поездом. Sergei likes to travel by train.
Мне салат с помидорами, пожалуйста. Tomato salad for me, please.
Prepositional: this case has no “meaning” of its own; it is used in phrases which indicate position and specifically with the prepositions в (in, at) and нa (on, at).
Мария купила бутылку лимонада в супермаркете. Maria bought the bottle of lemonade at the supermarket.
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