Урок 39. Личные местоимения. Lesson 39. Personal Pronouns.

Personal pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, etc) can stand in place of a noun to indicate who or what is involved in an action.

(A) In the following table the personal pronouns are in the nominative case.

Singular	Grammatical name	Plural	Grammatical name
I / я	first person singular	we / мы	first person singular
you / ты	second person singular	you / вы	second person singular
he, it / он	third person singular	they / они	third person singular
she, it / она	third person singular
it / оно	third person singular

(B) In the nominative case, the personal pronoun stands in front of the verb in both statement and question:
Вы работаете в Москве?   Do you work in Moscow?
Да, я работаю в Москве.   Yes, I work in Moscow.

(C) You: The second person singular ты is used to address people you know very well and for children and pets. Bы is the formal way of addressing one person and it is also the only way of addressing more than one person (whether you know them well or not). Bы is usually written with a capital letter if you are writing to someone.

(D) He, she, it, they: Oн is used when you are dealing with a masculine singular noun:
Телевизор не работает - Он не работает
The television is not working - It is not working
Врач не работает - Он не работает
The doctor is not working - He is not working

Oна is used in the place of feminine nouns (she, it) and oнo with neuter nouns (it):
Ольга работает? - Она работает?
Is Olga working? - Is she working?
Радио работает? - Оно работает?
Is the radio working? - Is it working?

Oни is the only word for they, irrespective of gender:
Ольга и врач работают? - Они работают?
Are Olga and the doctor working? - Are they working?

(D) The personal pronoun is not left out in written Russian, but is sometimes omitted in conversational language:
Хочешь чай? Да, хочу.
Do you want some tea? Yes, I do (want some).

To be continued..