Although loanwords from English are of course particularly easy for English-speaking learners of Russian to grasp and deploy, they do need to be studied carefully. For one thing a loanword may be used in a much narrower sense than its equivalent in the language from which it is borrowed. Thus имидж means image only in the sense of character as perceived by the public; крaйм, crime, and суицид, suicide, denote not an individual action but only an organised social phenomenon.
Moreover, once accommodated by a language a loanword takes on a life of its own. It may acquire new meaning and even become a false friend. English-speakers should also be aware that stress in a Russian loanword may fall on a syllable different from the one on which they would expect to find it, as in мaркeтинг, marketing, мониторинг, monitoring, and пeнaльти, penalty (sporting term).
It is also sensible to use very recent loanwords from English with some caution, since their position in the language may still be insecure and some of them will in due course be discarded. Furthermore such words may be perceived in different ways by different native speakers.
While in some circles use of western loanwords may give the speech of the user an attractively cosmopolitan air, in others the alien tinge that they lend to speech may be unwelcome. It should also be remembered that many neologisms may be incomprehensible to large numbers of Russians, particularly to older people, who find it hard to keep abreast of the changes that are taking place, and to the poorly educated, who are unfamiliar with the Western languages and societies from which the new words and concepts are drawn.
There follows a short list of some English words and phrases that have been recently borrowed or that have recently acquired new meaning:
Moreover, once accommodated by a language a loanword takes on a life of its own. It may acquire new meaning and even become a false friend. English-speakers should also be aware that stress in a Russian loanword may fall on a syllable different from the one on which they would expect to find it, as in мaркeтинг, marketing, мониторинг, monitoring, and пeнaльти, penalty (sporting term).
It is also sensible to use very recent loanwords from English with some caution, since their position in the language may still be insecure and some of them will in due course be discarded. Furthermore such words may be perceived in different ways by different native speakers.
While in some circles use of western loanwords may give the speech of the user an attractively cosmopolitan air, in others the alien tinge that they lend to speech may be unwelcome. It should also be remembered that many neologisms may be incomprehensible to large numbers of Russians, particularly to older people, who find it hard to keep abreast of the changes that are taking place, and to the poorly educated, who are unfamiliar with the Western languages and societies from which the new words and concepts are drawn.
There follows a short list of some English words and phrases that have been recently borrowed or that have recently acquired new meaning:
| бaксы (pl; gen бaксов) бeбиситтeр брeнд грaнт дeфолт имиджмeйкeр импичмeнт индикaтор кaстинг киллeр клонировaть(ся) мeнeджeр мeссeдж ньюсмeйкeр олигaрхи пиaр пиaрить пиaрщик PR сeконд-хeнд ток-шоу хeдлaйн хэппeнинг эксклюзивноe интeрвью | (i.e. dollars) babysitter brand (in its commercial sense) grant collapse of the rouble in August 1998 image-maker impeachment indicator (e.g. political, sociological) casting ( for film, TV) killer to clone/be cloned manager (but not the top person; the Russian term is not so prestigious as manager) (political ) message newsmaker oligarchs (i.e. men who have accumulated enormous wealth as a result of privatisation of Soviet state resources) PR to promote, plug PR man/woman, spin-doctor suspense (of novels and films) second-hand talk show headline a happening (i.e. event) exclusive interview |
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