Adverbs describe how things are done (she writes slowly). ln English most end in -Iy. In Russian most adverbs are identical with the neuter short form adiective.
(a) The most common form of adverb describes how the action of a verb is carried out:
Note that the adverb is usually placed before the verb. Sometimes it is not 'obvious' that there is a verb being described - i.e. tbeverb to be does not exist in the present tense; but phrases describing the weather, for example, rely on adverbs: Сегодня тепло (it is warm today) - тепло is 'desctibing' how it is.
(b) Tne adverbs медленно and быстро are the short neuter forms of the adjectives медленный and быстрый. Most adverbs, therefore, end in -o. Some adverbs will end in -e (because of the second spelling rule) and if an adjective is soft, its adverb will end in -e:
(c) Look out for sftess changes between some adjectives and adverbs:
(d) Adiectives which end in -cкий have adverbs ending in -ски: практически practically (almost). 'Adverbial phrases' which indicate nationality are formed from пo and adjectives ending in -ский: мы говорим по-русски we speak Russian.
(e) Altnough the vast majority of adverbs in Russian are formed from adjectives, adverbs which tell us about time and place are not. Here are the most common:
* Note that these indicate motion towads: Kyда вы идёте? (To) where are you going?
(a) The most common form of adverb describes how the action of a verb is carried out:
| Она медленно пишет. Он быстро бегает. | She writes slowly. He runs quickly. |
Note that the adverb is usually placed before the verb. Sometimes it is not 'obvious' that there is a verb being described - i.e. tbeverb to be does not exist in the present tense; but phrases describing the weather, for example, rely on adverbs: Сегодня тепло (it is warm today) - тепло is 'desctibing' how it is.
(b) Tne adverbs медленно and быстро are the short neuter forms of the adjectives медленный and быстрый. Most adverbs, therefore, end in -o. Some adverbs will end in -e (because of the second spelling rule) and if an adjective is soft, its adverb will end in -e:
| блестящий искренний | блестяще искренне | brilliantly sincerely |
(c) Look out for sftess changes between some adjectives and adverbs:
| тёплый (warm) хороший (good) | тепло (it is warm) хорошо (well) |
(d) Adiectives which end in -cкий have adverbs ending in -ски: практически practically (almost). 'Adverbial phrases' which indicate nationality are formed from пo and adjectives ending in -ский: мы говорим по-русски we speak Russian.
(e) Altnough the vast majority of adverbs in Russian are formed from adjectives, adverbs which tell us about time and place are not. Here are the most common:
| Time когда when тогда then, at that time уже already ещё still, yet долго for a long time давно a long time ago недавно recently | Place где where здесь here там there куда where to* сюда here (to here)* туда there (to there)* откуда from where отсюда from here оттуда from there |
* Note that these indicate motion towads: Kyда вы идёте? (To) where are you going?
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