Only the Imperfective Verbs can be used in the Present Tense.
In the Present Tense verbs change for person and number – they conjugate. Each person has its own ending. There are two types of personal endings, in accordance with which verbs fall into:
1-st conjugation
2-nd conjugation
As a base for the Present Tense formation we use part of the Infinitive, for example:
1-ST CONJUGATION, REGULAR FORMATION
Many Russian 1-st conjugation verbs are conjugated on the pattern of знать (vowel stem):
The 1-st conjugation (“e” conjugation) comprises the verbs ending in ать, ять, еть, овать, евать, нуть, ти, чь.
The Present Tense endings are as following:
Exceptions!
Some verbs also belong to the 1-st conjugation: жить - to live, пить - to drink, лить - to pour, etc.
2-ND CONJUGATION, REGULAR FORMATION
Many Russian 2-nd conjugation verbs are conjugated on the pattern of говорить (consonant stem):
The 2-nd conjugation comprises verbs ending in ить.
The Present Tense endings are as following:
A group of common verbs ending in ать, ять, еть also belong to the 2-nd conjugation (“и” conjugation).
Examples:
смотреть - to watch, to look at, to see
видеть - to see
слышать – to hear
лежать – to lie
сидеть – to sit
стоять – to stand
спать – to sleep
молчать – to be silent
кричать – to shout, to scream
зависеть – to depend on
стучать – to knock
держать – to hold, to keep
дышать - to breathe, etc.
E. g.: я вижу, ты видишь, он, она видит, мы видим, вы видите, они видят.
Prefixed verbs of both conjugations follow the same conjugation pattern as their root verbs, for example:
видеть - 2-nd conjugation – to see – он видит
увидеть - 2-nd conjugation – to see (suddenly) – он увидит
In the Present Tense verbs change for person and number – they conjugate. Each person has its own ending. There are two types of personal endings, in accordance with which verbs fall into:
1-st conjugation
2-nd conjugation
As a base for the Present Tense formation we use part of the Infinitive, for example:
| The Infinitive | Present Tense stem |
| знать | зна- |
| говорить | говор- |
Many Russian 1-st conjugation verbs are conjugated on the pattern of знать (vowel stem):
| я знаю | мы знаем |
| ты знаешь | вы знаете |
| он, она знает | они знают |
The Present Tense endings are as following:
| Singular | Plural |
| я – у (after consonants), ю (after vowels and ь) | мы – ем/ём |
| ты – ешь/ёшь | вы – ете/ёте |
| он, она - ет/ёт | они – ут (after consonants), ют (after vowels and ь) |
Exceptions!
Some verbs also belong to the 1-st conjugation: жить - to live, пить - to drink, лить - to pour, etc.
2-ND CONJUGATION, REGULAR FORMATION
Many Russian 2-nd conjugation verbs are conjugated on the pattern of говорить (consonant stem):
| я говорю | мы говорим |
| ты говоришь | вы говорите |
| он, она говорит | они говорят |
The Present Tense endings are as following:
| Singular | Plural |
| я – у (after г, к, ж, ч, ш,щ), ю (in other cases) | мы – им |
| ты – ишь | вы –ите |
| он, она - ит | они – ат (г, к, ж, ч, ш,щ), ят (in other cases) |
A group of common verbs ending in ать, ять, еть also belong to the 2-nd conjugation (“и” conjugation).
Examples:
смотреть - to watch, to look at, to see
видеть - to see
слышать – to hear
лежать – to lie
сидеть – to sit
стоять – to stand
спать – to sleep
молчать – to be silent
кричать – to shout, to scream
зависеть – to depend on
стучать – to knock
держать – to hold, to keep
дышать - to breathe, etc.
E. g.: я вижу, ты видишь, он, она видит, мы видим, вы видите, они видят.
Prefixed verbs of both conjugations follow the same conjugation pattern as their root verbs, for example:
видеть - 2-nd conjugation – to see – он видит
увидеть - 2-nd conjugation – to see (suddenly) – он увидит
Комментариев нет:
Отправить комментарий